Founder of Ethereum on scaling roadmap: 'The lean Ethereum team has been doing a truly amazing job'

In 2025, average Ethereum transaction fees have decreased to approximately $0.46 per transaction, a significant reduction from previous years. Daily gas fees have dropped from peaks of about $23 million to roughly $6.3 million, reflecting more efficient usage of blockspace. Layer-2 networks now process over 1.9 million daily transactions, indicating that much of Ethereum’s activity has successfully shifted off-chain through rollups and scaling layers, as reported by CoinLaw.

AInvest reports that compared with other blockchains in 2025, Ethereum’s scaling efforts have made it increasingly competitive. With the Pectra and Fusaka upgrades, Ethereum supports higher throughput through blob expansion and PeerDAS, aiming at up to 100,000 TPS under optimal configurations. While Solana and Avalanche offer high native TPS, Ethereum’s rollups, zkVM (zero-knowledge virtual machine), and proto-danksharding infrastructure are closing the gap while preserving decentralization and security.

Vitalik Buterin was born in 1994 in Russia and raised in Canada. He is the co-founder of Ethereum and author of its 2013 white paper. According to Wikipedia, he co-founded Bitcoin Magazine in 2011 and left the University of Waterloo after receiving a Thiel Fellowship in 2014 to focus on Ethereum. Buterin has since been central to Ethereum’s protocol design, advancing proof-of-stake (PoS), sharding, zk-proofs (zero-knowledge proofs), and new scaling ideas such as LeanVM.

Ethereum was launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin along with other co-founders as an open-source blockchain designed for smart contracts and decentralized applications. It transitioned to proof-of-stake in 2022 and now emphasizes rollups, zk-proofs (zero-knowledge proofs), and blob-based scaling to improve efficiency. Governance is community-driven but supported by the Ethereum Foundation—a Swiss nonprofit that funds research and development while managing protocol upgrades.